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The bicycle helmet is an indispensable part of a cyclist's outfit. Indeed, it could save your life in case of a bad fall. But, to ensure optimal protection, the helmet must meet certain characteristics. Here is a short guide to choosing your road bike helmet and riding safely.
Is helmet use mandatory?
Since March 2017, helmets must be worn by children under the age of 12 on bicycles, including when they are passengers. In case of non-compliance with this rule, the adult accompanying the child risks a class 4 fine and an amount of 135€. It is therefore essential to properly choose a bicycle helmet for children.
Beyond this age, the wearing of a helmet is not mandatory, but it is nevertheless highly recommended to wear one on a bicycle and this in any circumstances, including to go get the bread 500 meters from home because, as in the car, accidents often occur on the shortest routes around the home due to lack of vigilance.
In fact, head injuries are the leading cause of death among cyclists and it is proven that wearing a helmet is the most effective solution to protect it.
The Structure of a Helmet
Whatever the model and its use (road helmet, mountain bike helmet, city bike helmet, etc.), a helmet is generally composed of 2 layers: an outer shell and an inner shell:
- The outer shell provides a protective role: indeed, it is the one that comes into contact with the asphalt first in case of a fall. The materials used are generally PVC (for entry-level helmets) and polycarbonate.
- The internal structure of the helmet is there to absorb and disperse the shock wave. It is usually composed of polystyrene.
Inside the helmet, there are also the comfort foams that help finalize the fit of the helmet on the skull and ensure the comfort of the cyclist. The foams also serve to absorb perspiration.
The visor (only on bike helmets with visor) helps protect the eyes from the sun, weather and splashes.
The occipital adjustment (at the back of the head) allows the helmet to fit perfectly around the head and ensure a perfect fit. Some models also benefit from a vertical adjustment.
The side straps, combined with the chin strap, ensure that the helmet stays in place in case of a fall.
Standards to check
All helmets must meet the European standard CE EN 1078. In France, and in Europe, this is the only standard that effectively guarantees the protective capabilities of a helmet, whether it is an entry-level helmet or a high-end helmet.
According to current regulations, other mentions must also be visible throughout the helmet's life on a label inside it:
- The CE marking;
- The name and address of the manufacturer;
- The standard number;
- The size and weight;
- The date of manufacture;
- The model reference;
- The type of helmet;
The different models of helmets
A helmet is chosen according to your practice. Indeed, helmets for road cycling and helmets for mountain biking are not quite the same.
And, if only for road cycling, you will find helmets adapted to each practice:
- Classic road bike helmet for versatile riding with plenty of ventilation to prevent overheating;
- Aerodynamic helmet that allows air to better glide over the helmet surface. Once reserved for sprinters and time trialists, more and more cyclists are using it in a versatile way to improve their performance without neglecting ventilation;
- Time trial, track or triathlon helmet with a visor, where aerodynamics is pushed to its maximum to allow riders to have the least possible resistance in the air.
Taste and Color
If you're reluctant to wear a helmet because you're afraid you won't look your best, you should know that now helmets have become a fashion accessory in their own right in a cycling outfit, and most manufacturers offer a multitude of bike helmet models to suit all tastes. Some bike helmets are even fully customizable. So there's no reason to go without.
How to choose a helmet in your size
Wearing a helmet is great. But for it to provide optimal protection it must fit your head perfectly.
To do this, you need to measure your head circumference by passing a tape measure all around your head, starting from the middle of the forehead: above the eyebrows for the front and at the most bulging level at the back of the skull, passing above the ears.
Then, all you need to do is refer to the size guide present on the product sheets of the helmets you have selected. Generally, bicycle helmets are available in two sizes: 54-58cm and 59-62cm. These measurements may vary by a few centimeters from one model to another.
How to adjust your helmet.
Once placed on your head and properly adjusted, the helmet should not move, including when you tilt your head. To best fit it to your head, here are the adjustments to make:
- You always start by adjusting the helmet with the knob on the back of the helmet (occipital adjustment). Loosen the knob as much as possible before putting on your helmet and adjust it until the helmet no longer moves on your head, without feeling a pressure point.
- Once this initial adjustment is made, it's time to adjust your helmet with the straps. The side straps should be adjusted so that they form a Y under each of your ears.
- The chin strap should be tightened so that you can slip two fingers between the strap and your chin.
- Now your helmet is snug.
If you put a beanie on under your helmet in the winter, you'll want to remember to readjust your helmet straps.
How to maintain your helmet.
With perspiration during exercise, a helmet can quickly smell bad. It is therefore necessary to maintain it regularly. To do this, all you need is a soft sponge and some soapy water, then let it air dry. Avoid using detergent or letting it dry in direct sunlight, as this could accelerate its aging.
In addition, it should be stored in a dry place and away from light. Indeed, the climatic conditions (sun, heat, rain, etc.) have an impact on the properties of the helmet.
When should you change your helmet?
It is recommended to change your helmet every five years for polycarbonate models and every two years for PVC models.
But an early renewal is required in the event of a fall. Indeed, if your helmet has suffered an impact (even if there are no visible traces to the naked eye), it has been weakened and if you continue to use it, it could be ineffective in the event of another fall.
Similarly, if a crack appears on the helmet or if its tightening were to be defective, it should be changed as soon as possible.
Now, thanks to this guide, you're ready to leave ride safely. So saddle up and enjoy the ride.
